This review focused on the overall studies of FW composting,
not only various parameters significantly affecting the processes
and final results, but also a number of simulation approaches that
were greatly instrumental in well understanding the process
mechanism and/or results prediction. Implications of many key
ingredients on FW composting performance were also discussed.
In general, the characteristics of FW still offered a unique challenge
to the researchers, since the basic knowledge of FW composting
was inadequate for supporting successful processes with
high efficiency. Thus, perspectives of effective laboratory experiments
and computer-based simulation were finally investigated,
demonstrating many demanding areas for enhanced research
efforts, including the screening of multi-functional additives, VOC
emission control, necessity of modeling and post-modeling
analysis, and usefulness of developing more conjunctive AI-based
process control techniques.
Table 6
Comparison between in-vessel and windrow FW composting systems.
Initial
cost
Energy
consumption
Raw materials
pretreatment
Leaching and emitted
gas
Space Peak
temperature
Structure
stability
Real-world
application
In-vessel
systems
High High Complex Solved Small Low Good Urban
Windrow
systems
Low Low Simple Not solved Large High Bad Countryside
This review focused on the overall studies of FW composting,not only various parameters significantly affecting the processesand final results, but also a number of simulation approaches thatwere greatly instrumental in well understanding the processmechanism and/or results prediction. Implications of many keyingredients on FW composting performance were also discussed.In general, the characteristics of FW still offered a unique challengeto the researchers, since the basic knowledge of FW compostingwas inadequate for supporting successful processes withhigh efficiency. Thus, perspectives of effective laboratory experimentsand computer-based simulation were finally investigated,demonstrating many demanding areas for enhanced researchefforts, including the screening of multi-functional additives, VOCemission control, necessity of modeling and post-modelinganalysis, and usefulness of developing more conjunctive AI-basedprocess control techniques.Table 6Comparison between in-vessel and windrow FW composting systems.InitialcostEnergyconsumptionRaw materialspretreatmentLeaching and emittedgasSpace PeaktemperatureStructurestabilityReal-worldapplicationIn-vesselsystemsHigh High Complex Solved Small Low Good UrbanWindrowsystemsLow Low Simple Not solved Large High Bad Countryside
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