A number of factors that may influence the density of trees in
paddy fields, including (1) history of land development, (2)
topographical position, (3) the availability of natural forest
resources, (4) rainfall, and (5) landholding size, were discussed in the introduction to this paper and the methods to test
each of these hypotheses were described in the ‘‘Methodology’’ section. Each of these hypothesized factors influencing
density variations will next be examined in turn: