Information Processing & Dual Coding
Information processing theories described human brain as similar to a computer and human
learning as similar to how computer processes information (Chandler & Sweeler, 1991).
There are three main storage structures in the memory system (1) sensory register, which
registers stimuli in the memory system; (2) short-term memory (STM), which serves as
temporary storage; and (3) long-term memory (LTM) where information is permanently
stored. Short-term memory can only hold five to nine chunks of information (Miller, 1956)
before it is processed in LTM. Not all the information stored in the LTM can be retrieved.
Retrieval is more likely when appropriate cues are provided in the encoding process
(Driscoll, 1994).