The texture of the raw and processed samples was analyzed
using an Instron texture analyzer (Instron 4302 Universal Testing
Machine, Canton MA, USA). The texturometer was mounted with
a 500 Newton (N) load cell and equipped with a Warner–Bratzler
Blade (V-notch blade) which cut through the sample at a download
speed of 50 mm/min. A 5 g sample was placed on two parallel bars
with a gap of 10 mm between them. The maximum force (N) required
to shear the sample was used as an indication of firmness.
Data were analyzed by using Bluehill software. The firmness of
12 samples was measured individually and an average firmness value
was calculated.