In Central Asia, conditions were entirely different. Central Asian countries established
many regional economic organizations to promote domestic economic growth and collectively
cope with difficulties caused by the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, the
manufacturing matrix and integrated market did not exist in this region. In addition, they
had not established a market-based resource allocation mechanism, they lacked industrial
structure diversity, and they were located inland. Therefore, it is uncertain whether regional
trade agreements among Central Asian countries promoted the intraregional trade.