The assessment of cooking oil revealed intense heat production and prolonged cooling. Oil does not boil but once it reaches a certain temperature (the ‘smoke point’) the oil begins to smoke, releasing harsh, potentially toxic fumes and
can spontaneously ignite [11]. In this study sunflower cooking oil, which has a smoke point of approximately 227C, was
heated to 300C, but not further because of the health and safety risk of conducting this experiment in a domestic
kitchen. The cooling time of oil took approximately 1 h to reach safe temperatures. This highlights the extreme heats involved and significant risk of severe scald injuries when cooking with oil.