For the alkaline extracts (1%and 2% NaOH), neutralization by adding 3 M HCl solution was additionally done with recentrifugation. The extracts were collected as
the supernatants were evaporated by using a rotary vacuum evap-
orator (A-1000S, EYELA, Japan) at 60 ◦C to syrup, which was then
freeze-dried and re-dissolved in methanol (10 mL) for the analysis
of condensed tannins and flavonoids. For the analysis of deodorizing activity, the syrup was re-dispersed in distilled water instead
of methanol to prevent the solvent effect. Total yield of extracts
was expressed as solid weight percentage (wt%) of the freeze-dried
extracts to the raw material