intertidal zones (−2.5 to −3.5 m MHT). Thalli were
randomly collected along horizontal transects within
each zone to locate 10 collection positions. At each
collection position, a 45 cm long string with 10 knots
was dropped, and any thallus under a knot was
collected. The thalli were pressed on herbarium paper,
and the reproductive state of each thallus was determined
by viewing the marginal sections on a Nikon
Optiphot 2 microscope