Silvo-arable agroforestry (AF) comprises widely-spaced trees intercropped with arable crops. Recent findings indicate that
modern silvo-arable production systems are very efficient in terms of resource use, and could introduce an innovative
agricultural production system that will be both environmentfriendly and economically profitable. Growing high quality
trees in association with arable crops in European fields may improve the sustainability of farming systems, diversify
farmers' incomes, provide new products to the wood industry, and create novel landscapes of high value. The key question
is then where in Europe to implement such a system and under which conditions is such a system profitable.