Table 2
Categories used in this study.
Categories as sensitizing concepts
based on research questions
Examples of subcategories
emerging from the data
Examples of quotes
Changes in understanding of CE Broader definition It is more than teaching about democracy, [ … ] (teacher secondary education)
Awareness of implicit
practices
I've discovered that I already did a lot of things, not being aware it was about CE
(primary education teacher)
Teachers' explanations for the
changes in understanding of CE
Collaboration and
exchanging practice
Just by talking, exchanging and collaborating that helped me, like the other teachers
told about what they did and I know I thought … yes that's a good idea (teacher
primary education)
Participating in the project Well to be honest participating in the project. If my manager hadn't said ( … )
‘do you feel like participating in this project?’, I would still not be thinking about
CE (secondary education teacher)
Understanding of professionalism Possessing pedagogical-educational
competences
One needs to have and to use appropriate teaching and pedagogical skills to
involve society and civic related topics in one's teaching (secondary education
teacher)
Being a role model Due to the fact that you are an example you need to be aware of your own beliefs
and opinions and you need to behave as a good citizen and make this explicit for
your students (primary education teacher)
Changes in understanding of
professionalism
More reflection on their acting I started to reflect on and evaluate more what I'm doing, like I did this and this,
but does it help/contribute? (secondary education teacher)
Developing as a citizenship
education professional
Experimenting You just have to start and experience. Teach and learn from your teaching,
reflect on it, but just start. You cannot learn it from books only (teacher
primary education)
Time/aging To develop professionalism takes time and aging. As you become older you gain
more experience and you become wiser. I have learned a lot in all those years
since teacher education and I'm still learning. (secondary education teacher)
Preparing pre-service teachers
for CE
Fostering the development of
pre-service teachers' norms
and values
You have to let them think about their own norms and values in general, society,
citizenship and the relation with education and then you have to ask them to
write their own personal statements about it. Like your personal theory
(primary education teacher)