Consequently, healthcare providers must work long hours [4], which causes them excessive workload and fatigue, and in turn leads to lower motivation and satisfaction with work [5]. Each of these managerial issues has been typically handled independently by a different section, although they are closely inter-related and their contributing factors may often be the same. For instance, continuous long-hour work may, on the one hand, temporarily yield positive effects on higher equipment utilization and reduced personnel expenditure ,but it must lead, on the other, to higher risk of medical errors [6].