The role of culture and family attitudes toward employment rates in OECD countries is studied by Cahuc and Algan (2007). They argue that family labor supply interaction and cross-country heterogeneity in family culture are the key to explaining divergent employment rates and employment gaps. The employment gaps. The emphasis is on employment disparities that mostly affect specific demographic group like women. In particular, they show that people facing a priori the same economic environment by living in the same country – but who differ by the national origin of their ancestor – have significantly different family attitudes. even after controlling for all their relevant socioeconomic individual characteristic. that is, they confirm cultural foundations of family attitudes. in addition their family attitudes are perfectly in line with those currently expressed in their country of origin. they show that the stronger performances for family activities in European countries may explain both their lower female employment rate facts is, it is a different matter than implementation can be reached and if it can be welfare improving, given the cultural forces that reign in some segment of the population.