The presence of hallux valgus: In general, the
hallux valgus (HV) is the risk factor to develop foot
pain since the progressive foot deformity led to the
presence of osteoarthritis and foot pain [28, 29]. In
contrast, our result showed a negative association
i.e. participants who had hallux valgus were more
likely to not suffer from foot pain. The current
result was similar to that of Nguyen’s study. The
previous study could not explain any reasons for the
negative association [30]. However, the possible
explanation for the present study may be related to
the data that the participants without foot pain
tended to choose more appropriate shoewear. As
recognizably, appropriate shoewear can reduce the
risk of foot pain. Those participants with hallux
valgus might previously had the experience of foot
pain and thus chose more appropriate shoewear to
reduce their foot pain. The study of Nix et al. [29]
revealed that participants with HV had significant
concerns about footwear and foot appearance than
the participants without HV. This notion might
explain the reduced risk factor of foot pain in HV
group.