Both restrictions on 4WD access, and rehabilitation of damaged areas, require management resources which need funding. One option to raise such funds would be to impose a tax or levy on registered 4WD vehicles. This would be unpopular both with owners of 4WD vehicles who do not use them off-road, and with farmers and fishermen who use theirs for commercial activity. Such a levy might, however, raise awareness of impacts amongst 4WD owners. Awareness can also be raised through voluntary codes of ethics, such as those prom ulgated by the Australian National Four-Wheel Drive Council, Tread Lightly Australia and others (Buckley, 2001). Off-road clubs have provided volunteer assistance with coastal clean-up campaigns. However, progra that target existing clubs, associations and commercial tour operators may not reach individual drivers who cause the highest impacts