Methods:J774 mouse macrophage cells were used to evaluate the effect of TMAO on foam cell formation.
Male ApoE/mice transfected with human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (hCETP) were fedLcarnitine and/or methimazole, aflavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) inhibitor that prevents the formation of TMAO.
Following 12 week treatment,L-carnitine and TMAO plasma levels, aortic lesion development,
and lipid profiles were determined.