Modeling, optimization and simulation are the major tools to address and overcome these challenges. Other tools like fuzzy logic (Sheu et al.,(2005)), queuing theory (Mendoncaand Morabito (2001)), decision theory, and reference point method are also used. Most researchers employ modeling and optimization to derive solutions to problems in emergency humanitarian logistics. Emergency operations in logistics include facility location, casualty transportation, relief distribution, stockpre-positioning and evacuation among many others (Caunhye et al., (2011)).
Generally governments, military, civil society, and humanitarian organizations are responsible for undertaking such emergency relief operations. Disasters also test the capacity of different emergency operations in working together to deliver the best possible relief aid.