Soapstock, fatty acid residues and refined bleached deodorized (RBD) sunflower oil were kindly provided by Oil Tec. Industries (Sadat city, Egypt). Soapstock is a by product of the caustic refining of oils and fats. Fatty acids residues are the spent viscous fatty acids that remained in the end of the fractionation process of fatty acids. The olive oil was purchased from local market. All reagents used were of analytical grade including, gum arabic, thymolphthalein indicator sodium hydroxide, ethanol (95%), FolineCiocalteu reagent, bovine serum albumin, sodium carbonate, peptone, yeast extract, glucose, copper sulfate, sodium tartrate, phenolphthaleinand isopropyl alcohol were from Algomhorya for chemicals company (Cairo, Egypt).