In conclusion, this study is the first investigation to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic activity, and neuroprotective effects of GLPS in a SCI model in rats; GLPS represents the main bioactive compound of the traditionally valued G. lucidum fungus. GLPS treatment improves early functional and biochemical results as much as MP and yields better ultrastructural findings and his tomorphological results than MP. Although the results of the present study have provided some interesting data confirming the useful effect of GLPS after SCI, pathways, which are activated through the GLPS treatment, must be revealed in future studies in order to explain the exact mechanism underlying the neuroprotective activity.