However, Dahl argues that either the consensus is perpetual, in which case there is no way of determining who is ruler and who is ruled, or it is not, in which case concrete issues can be examined to discover which groups are successful in getting their preferences adopted.
Thus, Dahl recognises the possibility that an elite may be able to control opinion, and in his empirical work in New Haven he acknowledges that "leaders do not merely respond to the preferences of constituents; leaders also shape preferences' (1961, p. 164). It is precisely this point that Lukes seizes on in articulating the third dimension of power. Lukes argues that a false or manipulated consensus may exist and may be maintained through domination by a powerful group. Arguing that "the most effective and insidious use of power is to prevent…conflict from arising in the first place' (p. 23), Lukes contends that people's wants are formed by the society in which they live and these wants may not be the same as their real interests. The question this raises is do people have interests which differ from their expressed preferences, and if so how can the nature of these interests be established?
However, Dahl argues that either the consensus is perpetual, in which case there is no way of determining who is ruler and who is ruled, or it is not, in which case concrete issues can be examined to discover which groups are successful in getting their preferences adopted. Thus, Dahl recognises the possibility that an elite may be able to control opinion, and in his empirical work in New Haven he acknowledges that "leaders do not merely respond to the preferences of constituents; leaders also shape preferences' (1961, p. 164). It is precisely this point that Lukes seizes on in articulating the third dimension of power. Lukes argues that a false or manipulated consensus may exist and may be maintained through domination by a powerful group. Arguing that "the most effective and insidious use of power is to prevent…conflict from arising in the first place' (p. 23), Lukes contends that people's wants are formed by the society in which they live and these wants may not be the same as their real interests. The question this raises is do people have interests which differ from their expressed preferences, and if so how can the nature of these interests be established?
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
