There were four supplement groups of adults (N = 189) who completed the study protocol. The groups were the (a) placebo group (n =47), (b) CMC group (n = 47), (c) gum arabic group (n = 49), and (d) psyllium group (n = 46). Groups did not differ significantly in their demographic characteristics (Table 4). The majority of subjects in each group were female, white, non-Hispanic, and middle-aged. Approximately one-quarter in each group were employed and had secondary education. The body mass index of the groups showed they were overweight (25.5 – 29.9) or obese (>30) (Classification of overweight and obesity. n. d.). There was no significant difference in the self-reported usual total or soluble fiber intake among the groups in the Baseline or Steady Dose 2 segments (Table 4).