increasing physical activity. Between 1970 and 1995,
mortality from cardiovascular and coronary heart
disease decreased by 68% and 73%, respectively. This
equated to an increase in life expectancy of 7 years for
men and 6 years for women, and paralleled significant
reductions in the prevalence of risk factors, such as
smoking, high serum cholesterol and hypertension over
the 25-year intervention period.
After his presentation, Dr Stowell was asked about the
possible causes of the decline in CVD in Europe recently.
He suggested that this was attributable primarily to a
reduction in the prevalence of smoking and improvements
in nutrition throughout life. He pointed out
however, that in the North Karelia project, a greater
number of women smoked at the end of the intervention
period than at the beginning so improvement in other risk
factors, besides smoking, had played a role. Concerns
were also raised within the audience about the recommendation
to eat oil-rich fish in relation to mercury
contamination and sustainability. It was pointed out that
the recommendations for mercury are currently being
revised and that women in Japan, who eat fish more than
twice a day, have lower rates of CVD, less cancer and less
depression than their counterparts who eat less fish. It
was noted by one of the delegates that the North Karelia
intervention may have been successful in reducing CVD
outcomes because of a reduction in sodium and an
increase in potassium in the diet. Dr Stowell suggested
that while there may have been a change in the ratio of
these minerals, it was probably only part of a number of
dietary and lifestyle improvements.
increasing physical activity. Between 1970 and 1995,mortality from cardiovascular and coronary heartdisease decreased by 68% and 73%, respectively. Thisequated to an increase in life expectancy of 7 years formen and 6 years for women, and paralleled significantreductions in the prevalence of risk factors, such assmoking, high serum cholesterol and hypertension overthe 25-year intervention period.After his presentation, Dr Stowell was asked about thepossible causes of the decline in CVD in Europe recently.He suggested that this was attributable primarily to areduction in the prevalence of smoking and improvementsin nutrition throughout life. He pointed outhowever, that in the North Karelia project, a greaternumber of women smoked at the end of the interventionperiod than at the beginning so improvement in other riskfactors, besides smoking, had played a role. Concernswere also raised within the audience about the recommendationto eat oil-rich fish in relation to mercurycontamination and sustainability. It was pointed out thatthe recommendations for mercury are currently beingrevised and that women in Japan, who eat fish more thantwice a day, have lower rates of CVD, less cancer and lessdepression than their counterparts who eat less fish. Itwas noted by one of the delegates that the North Kareliaintervention may have been successful in reducing CVDoutcomes because of a reduction in sodium and anincrease in potassium in the diet. Dr Stowell suggestedthat while there may have been a change in the ratio ofthese minerals, it was probably only part of a number ofdietary and lifestyle improvements.
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