3.3. Range changes related to orchid ecology
Based on null model 1, we further analyzed the cardinal directions of orchid range changes across the study area. The SESrange averaged across species was significantly negative in regard to latitude, indicating an overall tendency of range change to the South of the study area (Student test, P < 0.01, Fig. 2). No significant differences in range change across latitude were found between habitat types (Tukey test, P > 0.05). A significant southward displacement was detected for Serapias cordigera (dry grassland) and Anacamptis papilionacea subsp. papilionacea (shrubland) while a significant northward displacement was detected for Neotinea maculata (shrubland) ( Fig. 2). The SESrange averaged across species was significantly negative in regard to longitude, indicating an overall tendency of range change to the West of the study area (Student test, P < 0.01, Fig. 2). No significant differences in range change across longitude were found between habitat types (Tukey test, P > 0.05). A significant westward displacement was detected for Orchis pallens (shrubland) and Dactylorhiza elata (wetland), while a significant eastward displacement was detected for S. cordigera (dry grassland) ( Fig. 2).