The second research question addressed the issue of bilingual proficiency and home language use
in relation to working memory outcomes. We hypothesized that proficient bilinguals might spend
more effort to reduce interference between the two languages, whereas the unbalanced and less proficient
bilinguals would work (less) to block access to one of their languages. Thus, with more exercise,
advanced bilinguals may show more enhancement of executive control performance. In a similar vein,
children who are exposed to the same languages in one environment may experience more interference,
and thus more cognitive training, than children whose bilingual learning contexts are more
separated.