We analyzed measures of provider---patient communication ( elicitation of patient problems and responsiveness, explanations, and empowerment and self-care), patient-centered decision-making, and the prenatal provider’s interpersonal style (respectfulness, perceived discrimination, and emotional support and reassurance). Whereas the original instruments referred to “doctors” (IPC instrument) or “providers” (PIPC instrument), we used the term “doctors and other health professionals” since many women receive their prenatal care from midwives. The questions that assessed IPC specifically referred to the index pregnancy. The scores for each scale ranged from1to 5; a higher score indicated that the woman reported more favor able experiences,such as more explanations or less discrimination.