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SPECIAL EDITION Vol. 1
MARIMBAPHONE
> INSTRUMENTOLOGY > PERCUSSION > Marimba > History
Marimba
Brief Description
History
Construction
Mallets
Notation
Range
Sound Production
Playing Techniques
Sound Characteristics
Sound Combinations
Repertoire
History
The origin of the name
Like the instrument itself the name ”marimba” originated in Africa; the words rimba (= xylophone with a single bar) and ma (= a great number of objects) are Bantu (spoken in Malawi and Mozambique). In many African languages the term ma-rimba is therefore used to describe instruments with several bars. In a broader sense the name is also applied to another type of instrument typical of Africa, the lamellophones (= instruments with metal prongs fixed on the outside of a soundbox and plucked by the fingers). The name marimba accompanied the instrument from Africa via Latin America to Europe, where in many countries the suffix -phone (Greek for ”sound”) has been added.
Technically the marimba could also be described as a low-pitched xylophone, which simply means ”wood sounder”. But the cultural backgrounds of the two instruments are vastly different; the marimba originated in central Africa but developed independently, gaining its own identity and significance, as the following paragraphs show.
Origins in Africa
Xylophones are not found everywhere in Africa. Various types can be found from central Africa down to South Africa, and the instrument is particularly common on both the west and east coasts (Angola, Mozambique). The first evidence of historical xylophones in Africa seems to show that they originated in what is now Mali in about the 13th century.
It is generally accepted that xylophones with calabashes as resonators, which became the model for Latin American marimbas and gave them the name, were first widespread in central Africa (Tanzania, Congo). In Africa, calabashes are still made out of the dried gourds of the calabash tree; they are the same size as a pumpkin. Suitable calabashes are rare and consequently valuable. The pitch of the calabash must correspond exactly with that of the bar. Such xylophones feature a special means of amplification, a membrane called a “mirliton”. A hole is drilled in each gourd which is then covered by a mirliton (of paper or from a spider’s nest). This membrane vibrates in sympathy when the corresponding bar is struck and produces a buzzing noise which has the effect of amplifying the sound.
Independent development in Latin America
Africans sold as slaves to Central and South America in the 16th and 17th centuries continued to make their native instruments there. The xylophones known as marimbas underwent further development on the American continent, especially in Mexico, Guatemala and Brazil. In these countries the calabashes were replaced by precisely tuned wood resonator chambers. Mirlitons were still fitted to the resonators which gave these Central American marimbas their distinctive character.
In Latin America the name “marimba” refers to every kind of large xylophone with calabashes as resonators of the type originally introduced from Africa.
INSTRUMENTOLOGYทรัพยากรอื่น ๆช่วงเสาเสียงMarimba แฟนตาซีDinsanซันไชน์ในเวียนนาสายอักขระและ Marimbaโซโลสำหรับ Marimbaphoneเล่นเปิดภายนอกผลิตภัณฑ์รวมถึงMarimbaphone:เพอร์คัชชันรุ่นพิเศษปี 1MARIMBAPHONE> INSTRUMENTOLOGY > เพอร์คัชชัน > Marimba > ประวัติMarimbaคำอธิบายโดยย่อประวัติก่อสร้างMalletsสัญกรณ์ช่วงผลิตเสียงเทคนิคการเล่นลักษณะเสียงชุดเสียงละครประวัติมาของชื่อเช่นเครื่องมือ ตัวเองชื่อ "marimba" กำเนิดในแอฟริกา ริมบาอุรังอุตังคำ (=ประดิษฐ์ห้องเดียว) และ ma (=หมายเลขดีของวัตถุ) จะเป่า (พูดในมาลาวีและโมซัมบิก) ในหลายภาษาแอฟริกา ระยะ ma-ริมบาอุรังอุตังจึงใช้อธิบายเครื่องมือ มีแถบหลาย นอกจากนี้ยังประยุกต์ใช้ชื่อในความรู้สึกกว้าง ของแอฟริกา lamellophones (=เครื่องมือกับโลหะ prongs คงนอก soundbox และออกจากมือ) เครื่องมือชนิดอื่น Marimba ชื่อพร้อมเครื่องมือจากแอฟริกาผ่านภาษาละตินอเมริกายุโรป อยู่ในประเทศไป-มีการเพิ่มโทรศัพท์ (ภาษากรีก "เสียง")นอกจากนี้ยังอธิบายเทคนิค marimba เป็นการประดิษฐ์ low-pitched ซึ่งก็หมายถึง "ไม้ sounder" แต่ภูมิหลังทางวัฒนธรรมตราสองสำคัญ ๆ ต่างกัน marimba ที่กำเนิดในแอฟริกากลาง ได้พัฒนาอย่างอิสระ ได้รับตัวตนของตนเองและความสำคัญ เป็นการแสดงย่อหน้าต่อไปนี้Origins in AfricaXylophones are not found everywhere in Africa. Various types can be found from central Africa down to South Africa, and the instrument is particularly common on both the west and east coasts (Angola, Mozambique). The first evidence of historical xylophones in Africa seems to show that they originated in what is now Mali in about the 13th century.It is generally accepted that xylophones with calabashes as resonators, which became the model for Latin American marimbas and gave them the name, were first widespread in central Africa (Tanzania, Congo). In Africa, calabashes are still made out of the dried gourds of the calabash tree; they are the same size as a pumpkin. Suitable calabashes are rare and consequently valuable. The pitch of the calabash must correspond exactly with that of the bar. Such xylophones feature a special means of amplification, a membrane called a “mirliton”. A hole is drilled in each gourd which is then covered by a mirliton (of paper or from a spider’s nest). This membrane vibrates in sympathy when the corresponding bar is struck and produces a buzzing noise which has the effect of amplifying the sound.Independent development in Latin AmericaAfricans sold as slaves to Central and South America in the 16th and 17th centuries continued to make their native instruments there. The xylophones known as marimbas underwent further development on the American continent, especially in Mexico, Guatemala and Brazil. In these countries the calabashes were replaced by precisely tuned wood resonator chambers. Mirlitons were still fitted to the resonators which gave these Central American marimbas their distinctive character.
In Latin America the name “marimba” refers to every kind of large xylophone with calabashes as resonators of the type originally introduced from Africa.
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