Bleaching trials were performed according to the following
steps: heating the crude palm oil to 85 C; adding citric acid (0.3% of
a 30% solution); high shear mixing (16,000 rpm during 1 min);
addition of Bleaching Earth; 15 min of maturation time at 85 C and
atmospheric pressure; applying vacuum (50 mbar) and maintaining
bleaching conditions for 30 min at 105e110 C and removing
the bleaching earth by filtration over a Buchner filter (pore size
11 mm, Whatman).
Experiments were performed using two kinds of bleaching
earth: non-activated bleaching earth (Pure Flo B80, purchased from
Oil-Dri, here so-called NBE) and acid activated bleaching earth
(Tonsil OPT. 210 FF, purchased from Süd-Chemie AG, here so-called
ABE).
After bleaching, the oil was submitted to a deodorization step
since some color effects can just be observed after heat bleaching.
To avoid differences due to storage effects, the deodorization was earth
always carried out one day after the bleaching. The deodorization
After bleaching, the oil was submitted to a deodorization step
Bleaching trials were performed according to the followingsteps: heating the crude palm oil to 85 C; adding citric acid (0.3% ofa 30% solution); high shear mixing (16,000 rpm during 1 min);addition of Bleaching Earth; 15 min of maturation time at 85 C andatmospheric pressure; applying vacuum (50 mbar) and maintainingbleaching conditions for 30 min at 105e110 C and removingthe bleaching earth by filtration over a Buchner filter (pore size11 mm, Whatman).Experiments were performed using two kinds of bleachingearth: non-activated bleaching earth (Pure Flo B80, purchased fromOil-Dri, here so-called NBE) and acid activated bleaching earth(Tonsil OPT. 210 FF, purchased from Süd-Chemie AG, here so-calledABE).After bleaching, the oil was submitted to a deodorization stepsince some color effects can just be observed after heat bleaching.To avoid differences due to storage effects, the deodorization was earthalways carried out one day after the bleaching. The deodorizationAfter bleaching, the oil was submitted to a deodorization step
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