3.2.2.6. Texture analysis
There was no difference (p ⩾ 0.05) in hardness among treatments with and without pineapple pomace, indicating that the amount of fibre added did not affect the texture of the extruded product (Table 5). This result is in agreement with those reported by Stojceska et al. (2008), who verified that the hardness of extruded products was not related to the level of addition of cauliflower byproduct. In contrast, the study of Altan et al. (2008) showed that increasing grape pomace level resulted in an increase in the hardness of extrudates. In the present study, when extrudates obtained with the same amount of fibre but at different moisture blends and extrusion temperatures were compared, no effect (p ⩾ 0.05) of these parameters were observed in the hardness of the product.
4. Conclusions
The pineapple pomace showed low fat and protein content and had dietary fibre as one of its major components (45.22 ± 3.62%), with the insoluble fraction accounting for the majority of the fibre. Low microbiological counts, water activity, titratable acidity and pH indicated the good microbiological quality of the material and its low risk for physicochemical deterioration. The measured colour showed high L* values, which can be a positive attribute, since dark colour may limit the application of this byproduct in foods. The pineapple pomace showed low OHC but considerable WHC, suggesting that this ingredient could be used in products that require hydration, to improve yield, and modify texture and viscosity.
Extruded products added with 10.5% and 21% of PP expanded less and were darker than the control. In general, treatments with the same amount of PP were not affected by extrusion moisture and barrel temperature. Bulk density, hardness, WAI, and b* value of the products added with 10.5% of PP were not different than the control, showing satisfactory results related to the properties and characteristics of extruded products, which opens the possibility of a new application for this fruit pomace.
3.2.2.6. Texture analysisThere was no difference (p ⩾ 0.05) in hardness among treatments with and without pineapple pomace, indicating that the amount of fibre added did not affect the texture of the extruded product (Table 5). This result is in agreement with those reported by Stojceska et al. (2008), who verified that the hardness of extruded products was not related to the level of addition of cauliflower byproduct. In contrast, the study of Altan et al. (2008) showed that increasing grape pomace level resulted in an increase in the hardness of extrudates. In the present study, when extrudates obtained with the same amount of fibre but at different moisture blends and extrusion temperatures were compared, no effect (p ⩾ 0.05) of these parameters were observed in the hardness of the product.4. ConclusionsThe pineapple pomace showed low fat and protein content and had dietary fibre as one of its major components (45.22 ± 3.62%), with the insoluble fraction accounting for the majority of the fibre. Low microbiological counts, water activity, titratable acidity and pH indicated the good microbiological quality of the material and its low risk for physicochemical deterioration. The measured colour showed high L* values, which can be a positive attribute, since dark colour may limit the application of this byproduct in foods. The pineapple pomace showed low OHC but considerable WHC, suggesting that this ingredient could be used in products that require hydration, to improve yield, and modify texture and viscosity.Extruded products added with 10.5% and 21% of PP expanded less and were darker than the control. In general, treatments with the same amount of PP were not affected by extrusion moisture and barrel temperature. Bulk density, hardness, WAI, and b* value of the products added with 10.5% of PP were not different than the control, showing satisfactory results related to the properties and characteristics of extruded products, which opens the possibility of a new application for this fruit pomace.
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