Substitution by PCF increases the R value and decreases
the E value in proofed dough (Table 1). Because of the
fermentation of yeast, the proofed dough generally had lower
R and E values than dough without yeast. However, the particle
size of the PCF did not significantly affect the R and E
values of unfermented and proofed doughs (Table 1). The
farinograph properties were not significantly affected by the
particle size of barley fiber-rich fractions [27] and wheat bran
[12]. However, Noort et al [12] also reported that dough with