in such an action plan, the design is certainly effective, but as I said before, the CEIT
department does not provide any further benefit” [EÇ4].
The students further mentioned the financial state under the factors preventing ICTAC, which was
also found among the motivating factors. Regarding this topic, one of the students (BÇ4) reported “a
person should have a good financial state to make financial contribution… the financial state is of
course very important; well, a person who wants to make a contribution can not do so if his or her
financial state is not good ”, while another student (ÖÇ2) stated “If what I want to do exceeds my
financial state, then I cannot do anything. It could only be related to the financial state...” Another
student (BÇ2) emphasized the importance of financial state saying “...Also, there are various
computer software. They sell these programs, and this influences us financially”. It could be stated
that it is an expected situation for students who do not yet have economic freedom to think in that
way. Thus, regarding the ICTAC, students could be made aware of the fact that financial state is not
important in taking action for a particular societal problem and that they can demonstrate ICTAC
without making any financial contribution.
Regarding time, which was one of the themes related to preventive factors, one of the students
(OÇ4) stated “Of course, this is my own life. (I cannot sustain an action) If it covers my whole life...
and I have to earn my life. Now, after graduation, I will have my own future. And, I have to learn.
Well, if it covers only a part of my life, then it is okay for me”, while another student (BÇ2) reported
“...in term of time, we can have problems when we have to do a job in a shorter time which would
actually take a long time...” It could be stated that as in all taks, students can individually contribute
to the solution of societal problems and increase their individual satisfaction with effective time
management and planning.
The students mentioned the theme of motivation saying “...There could be motivation...when you
want to work on raising the society’s awareness level, or when you feel you are not competent in this
subject, then there may occur the motivation problem...” [BÇ2]; “…as I said before, lack of
motivation is the most important reason of this ... as we said before, there is no intrinsic motivation,
and we don’t have any motivation, then to tell the truth, we can’t do it as a society” [ÖÇ3]. ÖÇ4
touchest the same topic “Well, what decreases my motivation (is lack of social support). When you
say ‘I will do something’, (they discourage) instead of supporting you. When you meet such negative
situations more, well, the first time, you do it, the second time you do it again, but the third time, you
feel it is none of your business…” [ÖÇ4]. Students agreed with instructors on motivation as a
preventing factor for ICTAC. It could be stated that students’ intrinsic motivations could be increased
through presentation of examplary actions. At the same time, students should be made conscious of
the fact that the experienced problems are not only particular individuals’ or institutions’ concerns but
also society suffers from them.
Besides aforementioned factors, one of the students (BÇ1) considered lack of knowledge on problems
fields as an important hindering factor. “First of all, I should deal with it, and then we should all, as a
society, be aware of what to do. Thus, I have to learn about it (problem)”. Similarly, another student
(OÇ3) reported “I don’t think I’m competent in these subjects… ICT literacy, organizing (and
sustaining actions)…” In this regard, in order to increase students’ knowledge in different fields, it
could be beneficial to direct them toward a rich array of elective courses and different activities; and
to have them participate in relevant student and social clubs. In this way, they could overcome their
lack of knowledge in different fields.
The illustration of the themes which were reported during the semi-structured interviews by the CEIT
students as motivating and preventing factors were demonstrated in Figure 2.