IMPROVED ZERO POINT METHOD (IZPM)
Step1. Initialization
It is well known that an unbalanced transportation problem is equivalent to an
ordinary balanced transportation problem with one dummy column or one dummy row
with zero costs added.
Step2. Develop the cost table
(a) If dummy column (row) is added, locate the smallest element in each column
(row) of the given cost table and subtract that from each element of that
column (row).
(b) In the reduced matrix obtained from 2(a), replace the dummy cost of the
largest unit transportation cost.
Step3. Determination of zero value
(a) Locate the smallest element in each row of the cost table and then subtract that
from each element of that row.
(b) In the reduced matrix obtained form 3(a), locate the smallest element in each
column and then subtract that from each element of that column. Each row
and column now have at least one zero value.
Step4. Optimality criterion
(a) Verify each supply element is less than or equal to the sum of the demands,
whose reduced costs are zero.
(b) Now verify each demand element is less than or equal to the sum of the
supplies, whose reduced costs are zero.
(c) If 4(a) and 4(b) are satisfied then go to step 7 else go to step5.
SOLUTIONS OBTAINDED BY ALL PROCEDURES
Problem Rows Columns VAM SVAM GVAM BVAM RVAM IZPM Optimal