Procedures
Once general inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, potential participants and their parent/guardian were invited to the Arizona State University Clinical Research Unit for the administration of consent and baseline test- ing. Following an overnight fast, height (to the nearest 0.1 cm) and weight (to the nearest 0.1 kg) were measured in light clothing without shoes using a wall-mounted stadiometer and a medical balance beam scale. Standing waist circumference was measured at the level of the umbilicus to the nearest 0.1 cm after normal expiration using a Gulick II tape measure.