The complex syndrome of heart failure has many
different clinical presentations. Its variations arise
from the diverse causes, differing degrees of ventricular
dysfunction, and wide array of signs and symptoms
present in any given patient.1 Despite this variability,
specific subsets of patients with heart failure
with unique clinical attributes, treatment needs, and
prognoses are being described. Patients with
advanced heart failure represent one of the most
important of these subsets. New studies suggest their
response to optimal medical treatment can be dramatic,
whereas their adverse medical economic
impact when poorly treated is large.
The complex syndrome of heart failure has manydifferent clinical presentations. Its variations arisefrom the diverse causes, differing degrees of ventriculardysfunction, and wide array of signs and symptomspresent in any given patient.1 Despite this variability,specific subsets of patients with heart failurewith unique clinical attributes, treatment needs, andprognoses are being described. Patients withadvanced heart failure represent one of the mostimportant of these subsets. New studies suggest theirresponse to optimal medical treatment can be dramatic,whereas their adverse medical economicimpact when poorly treated is large.
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