In conclusion, no single approach to flood insurance answers all challenges inherent in changing climates. The design of
workable schemes is highly specific to the existing risk context for flood and other perils and likely future risk scenarios. Each
arrangement has weaknesses and there is tension between the short term goal of ensuring solvency of insurers, and therefore
secure recovery funding, and the long term goal of reducing risk for all. Careful evaluation of any insurance scheme
against social and financial objectives is therefore necessary, and a multi-stakeholder consideration of options based on
the best available climate predictions and the longest possible historic risk profiles is recommended. In this way the
strengths and weaknesses can be properly assessed in the local context, and the over-riding imperative of solvency can
be balanced against societal needs for comprehensive provision and improved mitigation practice. In the last analysis failure
to recognise the potential for climate change to invalidate existing systems carries a fearful potential burden of future
unprotected damage.