3.2. Effect of impeller angle on SSF with a continuous feeding system
As shown in Fig. 2, a paddle-type and anchor-type agitator was
used in the HF tank and the paddle was angled at 0 (standard
impeller), 15 (angled-type I), 30 (angled-type II), and 45
(angled-type III), to allow thorough mixing. SSF performance with
25 w/v% biomass using the modified impeller was compared in
terms of ethanol production (Table 1). The time required for