Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for dichotomous variables and
Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed continuous variables. Odds ratios were
calculated for pneumonia diagnosis. For multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression as
well as nominal logistic regression and stepwise backward and forward regression was
performed to determine which variables were associated with the empirical diagnosis of
pneumonia, ordering of chest x-ray, and antibiotic prescribing. MINITAB software
(Minitab, State College, PA) was used for the analysis. A p-value of less than or equal to
0.05 was considered statistically significant.