Breast cancer is a fairly heterogeneous malignancy that
involves large numbers of genomic aberrations that are
inherited or are acquired during the initiation and
progression of the disease. To date, the most successful
application of FISH as a companion diagnostic test for
selecting a targeted therapy for a solid tumor may be
the FISH evaluation of Her-2 amplification for breast
cancer [52-54]. Her-2 (human epidermal growth factor
receptor-2), also called c-erbB-2, is located at chromosome 17q12-21.32, and encodes a trans-membrane protein of 185 kDa. Her-2 protein is an active tyrosine
kinase that plays an important role in normal cell
growth and differentiation. It has been reported that
Her-2 gene amplification occurs in 20-30% of breast
cancer patients. Her-2 gene amplification leads to its
overexpression on the cell surface. Her-2 amplification
indicates a bad prognosis, short survival time, and the
existence of a more aggressive phenotype of tumor
cells. Her-2 overexpressed breast cancer may be resistant to endocrine therapy and some chemotherapies;
however, it is sensitive to Herceptin treatment and
exhibits more responsiveness to paclitaxel and anthracyclines [55]. At present, there are both IHC and FISH
assays for measuring Her-2 overexpression. The former
assay is simplistic, convenient, and cost-saving, but it
can be affected by various factors and the staining
result could be ambiguous. The latter is relatively
sophisticated and expensive, but the staining result is
more accurate. Therefore, the FISH assay is regarded as
the gold standard for clinical evaluation of the Her-2
status and is generally recommended in when the IHC
result could not clarify the Her-2 status.
Breast cancer is a fairly heterogeneous malignancy thatinvolves large numbers of genomic aberrations that areinherited or are acquired during the initiation andprogression of the disease. To date, the most successfulapplication of FISH as a companion diagnostic test forselecting a targeted therapy for a solid tumor may bethe FISH evaluation of Her-2 amplification for breastcancer [52-54]. Her-2 (human epidermal growth factorreceptor-2), also called c-erbB-2, is located at chromosome 17q12-21.32, and encodes a trans-membrane protein of 185 kDa. Her-2 protein is an active tyrosinekinase that plays an important role in normal cellgrowth and differentiation. It has been reported thatHer-2 gene amplification occurs in 20-30% of breastcancer patients. Her-2 gene amplification leads to itsoverexpression on the cell surface. Her-2 amplificationindicates a bad prognosis, short survival time, and theexistence of a more aggressive phenotype of tumorcells. Her-2 overexpressed breast cancer may be resistant to endocrine therapy and some chemotherapies;however, it is sensitive to Herceptin treatment andexhibits more responsiveness to paclitaxel and anthracyclines [55]. At present, there are both IHC and FISHassays for measuring Her-2 overexpression. The formerassay is simplistic, convenient, and cost-saving, but itcan be affected by various factors and the stainingresult could be ambiguous. The latter is relativelysophisticated and expensive, but the staining result ismore accurate. Therefore, the FISH assay is regarded asthe gold standard for clinical evaluation of the Her-2status and is generally recommended in when the IHCresult could not clarify the Her-2 status.
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