Introduction and Conceptual Framework
Countless decades have been devoted to understanding how students learn. Colleges and
universities continue to create and assess “meaningful” learning environments that
produce positive outcomes for learners. The Association of American Colleges and
Universities (2012) articulates the necessity for higher education to invest time and
resources into creating challenging liberal education learning experiences. A growing
trend is the use of high-impact educational practices, which have been identified as active
learning experiences that increase student retention and student engagement in higher
education (Kuh, 2008). Kuh (2008) asserts six characteristics about high-impact
practices which make them so effective with students. High-impact practices:been ฉันรักแปล