Among the various eff orts to measure such change,
Riley Dunlap and colleagues at Washington State
University developed an instrument they called the New
Environmental Paradigm (sometimes called the original
NEP), which they published in 1978. T e idea was that
this instrument could measure where a population was in
its transition from the DSP to a new, more environmentally conscious world view, a change that the NEP scale
developers thought was likely to happen. T e original
NEP had twelve items (statements) that appeared to represent a single scale in the way in which populations
responded to them.