Among the 9 maritime states of India with a coastline of 7500km, West Bengal enjoys a
unique geographical location possessing the Hoogly-Matla estuarine complex of Sundarbans shared with neighbouring country – Bangladesh. The biodiversity of the coastal area of West Bengal extending over 0.82 million hectare and along 220km of coastal line shared by two coastal districts viz. South 24 Parganas and Midnapore (East), includes a good number of mangroves and their associate plant species, different species of algae, fungi,lichen, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, besides numerous species of phytoplankton, zooplankton ichthyoplankton, benthos, soil inhabiting arthropods and both
soil and vegetation dependent insects. The settlement of mangrove species and their
simultaneous growth trigger the accretion process paving the way of deltaic formation in
the coastal West Bengal and simultaneous settlement of associated floral and faunal components in tune with interplay of different eco-bio-physico-chemical factors along
environmental gradients. An ecohydrological approach towards understanding of mangrove ecosystem functioning appears to be a prerequisite for sustainable biodiversity management and ecosystem restoration. The present paper highlights the uniqueness of coastal mangrove ecosystem functioning in respect of interactions of different environmental variables with biodiversity in
West Bengal coast. This is also an attempt to represent how the interplay between specialized adaptations and extreme trail plasticity that characterize the mangrove and intertidal environment giving rise to the biocomplexity that distinguishes mangrove ecosystem from others. In such context, assessment of environmental threats, biodiversity conservation strategies and
ecorestoration possibilities have been dealt with in this studied environment.
Among the 9 maritime states of India with a coastline of 7500km, West Bengal enjoys aunique geographical location possessing the Hoogly-Matla estuarine complex of Sundarbans shared with neighbouring country – Bangladesh. The biodiversity of the coastal area of West Bengal extending over 0.82 million hectare and along 220km of coastal line shared by two coastal districts viz. South 24 Parganas and Midnapore (East), includes a good number of mangroves and their associate plant species, different species of algae, fungi,lichen, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, besides numerous species of phytoplankton, zooplankton ichthyoplankton, benthos, soil inhabiting arthropods and bothsoil and vegetation dependent insects. The settlement of mangrove species and theirsimultaneous growth trigger the accretion process paving the way of deltaic formation inthe coastal West Bengal and simultaneous settlement of associated floral and faunal components in tune with interplay of different eco-bio-physico-chemical factors alongenvironmental gradients. An ecohydrological approach towards understanding of mangrove ecosystem functioning appears to be a prerequisite for sustainable biodiversity management and ecosystem restoration. The present paper highlights the uniqueness of coastal mangrove ecosystem functioning in respect of interactions of different environmental variables with biodiversity inWest Bengal coast. This is also an attempt to represent how the interplay between specialized adaptations and extreme trail plasticity that characterize the mangrove and intertidal environment giving rise to the biocomplexity that distinguishes mangrove ecosystem from others. In such context, assessment of environmental threats, biodiversity conservation strategies andecorestoration possibilities have been dealt with in this studied environment.
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