The correlation of pyrite voltammograms with surface reactions in alkaline solution has been frequently reported (Ahlberg et al., 1990 and Miller et al., 2002). In the first scan from −1200 to −600 mV, there were no visible anodic or cathodic peaks. However, an anodic peak (A3) commenced in the second scan when the upper limit was increased to −200 mV. This peak was attributed to the oxidation of pyrite resulting in the formation of ferric hydroxide and a sulphur-rich sub-layer (elemental sulphur or iron deficient sulphide layer) (Buckley et al. 1985). On the return scan, a cathodic peak C1 appeared with the starting potential of about −400 mV. This peak corresponds to the reduction of elemental sulphur to hydrosulphide ions (HS−). A second cathodic peak C2 corresponds to the reduction of ferric hydroxide to ferrous hydroxide commencing at a more negative potential when the anodic switching potential of higher than 0 mV was applied. However, the peak C1 and C2 were not well separated when more positive anodic switching potential was applied. Anodic peak (A4) appeared with the starting potential of about 200 mV due to the further oxidation of pyrite to ferric hydroxide and sulphate as shown in Eq. (11). This reaction was identified to be much more rapid and electrochemically irreversible (Wang and Forssberg, 1996). Consequently, the current density of peak C2 resulting from the reduction of ferric hydroxide to ferrous hydroxide became more negative due to this extensive oxidation of pyrite. At a more negative potential ferrous hydroxide can be reduced to elemental iron at a third cathodic peak (C3). A rather large and sharp anodic peak (A1) appeared due to the oxidation of elemental iron as shown in Eq. (8). Iron(II) sulphide may form in the presence of hydrosulphide ions. Consequently peaks A3 and A4 also correspond to the oxidation of iron(II) sulphide forming at A1 together with pyrite itself. There was a general increase of current density for C3 and A1 with the more extensive oxidation of pyrite. When a more positive potential (e.g., 400 mV) was applied, not all of the ferrous species were involved in the formation of iron(II) sulphide. Excess ferrous species in the form of ferrous hydroxide remained at the surface and oxidised to ferric hydroxide at peak A2 on the scan towards anodic
The correlation of pyrite voltammograms with surface reactions in alkaline solution has been frequently reported (Ahlberg et al., 1990 and Miller et al., 2002). In the first scan from −1200 to −600 mV, there were no visible anodic or cathodic peaks. However, an anodic peak (A3) commenced in the second scan when the upper limit was increased to −200 mV. This peak was attributed to the oxidation of pyrite resulting in the formation of ferric hydroxide and a sulphur-rich sub-layer (elemental sulphur or iron deficient sulphide layer) (Buckley et al. 1985). On the return scan, a cathodic peak C1 appeared with the starting potential of about −400 mV. This peak corresponds to the reduction of elemental sulphur to hydrosulphide ions (HS−). A second cathodic peak C2 corresponds to the reduction of ferric hydroxide to ferrous hydroxide commencing at a more negative potential when the anodic switching potential of higher than 0 mV was applied. However, the peak C1 and C2 were not well separated when more positive anodic switching potential was applied. Anodic peak (A4) appeared with the starting potential of about 200 mV due to the further oxidation of pyrite to ferric hydroxide and sulphate as shown in Eq. (11). This reaction was identified to be much more rapid and electrochemically irreversible (Wang and Forssberg, 1996). Consequently, the current density of peak C2 resulting from the reduction of ferric hydroxide to ferrous hydroxide became more negative due to this extensive oxidation of pyrite. At a more negative potential ferrous hydroxide can be reduced to elemental iron at a third cathodic peak (C3). A rather large and sharp anodic peak (A1) appeared due to the oxidation of elemental iron as shown in Eq. (8). Iron(II) sulphide may form in the presence of hydrosulphide ions. Consequently peaks A3 and A4 also correspond to the oxidation of iron(II) sulphide forming at A1 together with pyrite itself. There was a general increase of current density for C3 and A1 with the more extensive oxidation of pyrite. When a more positive potential (e.g., 400 mV) was applied, not all of the ferrous species were involved in the formation of iron(II) sulphide. Excess ferrous species in the form of ferrous hydroxide remained at the surface and oxidised to ferric hydroxide at peak A2 on the scan towards anodic
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