In spite of this very clear affirmation in the Bible that sexuality is good there has been a tendency in Christianity to view sexuality negatively. This is because Christianity was influenced by heretical systems like Gnosticism and Manichaeism, which consider matter, including our body and sexual interests, to be evil. This influence manifested itself in different ways, such as a fear and dislike of the body and everything related to sexuality, a negative attitude towards and a suspicion of women, and avoidance of intimacy. Such attitudes are not healthy and are wrong. Pope Benedict XVI (2010) has observed, "It is evident today that we need to find our way back to... the attitude of joy in, and affirmation of, the body, of sexuality—seen as a gift that always requires discipline and responsibility as well" (p. 103).