THOMPSON H. J . (2005) Journal of Advanced Nursing 51(5), 484–492
Fever: a concept analysis
Aim. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the current state of the science
literature in order to develop an accurate conception of fever.
Rationale. The measurement of body temperature and treatment of fever have long
been considered to be within the domain of nursing practice. What body temperature
constitutes ‘fever’, however, is often not clear from nursing protocols or the
literature.
Methods. Literature for this concept analysis was obtained by computerized searches
of PubMed, CINAHL and BIOSYS for the years 1980–2004. Additional
sources were obtained after reviewing the bibliographies of the literature identified
by the initial search. The Wilsonian method of concept analysis provided the
framework for the analysis.
Findings. Fever has characteristically been recognized as a cardinal sign of illness
and has traditionally had negative connotations for patient well-being. Substantive
advances over the past 20 years in immunology and neurophysiology have expanded
understanding of the process of fever. This new knowledge has shifted the
perception of fever as part of the acute-phase response to one of an adaptive nature.
This knowledge has yet to be fully translated into changes in the fever management
practices of nurses.
Conclusions. Consistent usage of terminology in relation to fever should lead to
improved and evidence-based care for patients, and to fever management practices
consistent with current research. It is important to use clear language about fever
and hyperthermia in discussions and documentation between nurses and among
disciplines. By creating clarity in our language, we may help to achieve praxis.
Keywords: concept analysis, hyperthermia, literature review, nursing