fields to jointly assist in sustaining national development, which not only depends on the earth’s resources but also
on worker’s skills and expertise to preserve those resources. Keene & Blumstein (2010) argue that changing
environmental education requires the cooperation of various organizations and academic disciplines. The National
Higher Education Strategic Plan, which was launched in 2007, prioritizes the transformation of higher education.
The plan aims to achieve excellence and sustainability in higher education beyond the year 2020 (Kementerian
Pengajian Tinggi, 2011) and outlines seven main foci related to that goal. Among the plan’s stated goals is the effort
to improve the quality of teaching and learning to produce innovative and ethical individuals with the capacity to
think critically and who are committed to a common moral standard.