This paper provides a critical review of the applicability of theoretical
models of health behavior to workplace self-protective behavior. Valueexpectancy,
environmental/contextual, and behavior change models are
reviewed. On this basis, an integrative framework is proposed that
conceptualizes self-protective behavior as consisting of four stages or
phases: hazard appraisal, decision making, initiation, and adherence. In
addition, five general constructs are identified as being of either primary or
secondary importance at each stage: threat-related beliefs, response efficacy,
self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, and safety climate. The proposed
framework highlights the need to target interventions to each of the four
stages. Particular emphasis is also assigned to environmental or situational
factors in enabling and reinforcing self-protective behavior in the workplace.