Norman, & Redfern, 2003; Twycross, 2007), rapid habituation to the presence of the observer was seen. Importantly, however, the picture of pain care obtained concurson the whole with that in previous studies,suggesting that the results reflect actual prac- tices. Another limitation of the study is that demo- graphic data were not collected from the nurse participants. As with most qualitative studies data were only collected in one setting, thus limiting the transfer ability of the findings.Some of the differences in care provided may be attributable to the different types of surgery experienced by the children in the study. However, the depth of data collected allowed newlight to be she don key issues and the emergence of a pattern of pain care.