1. Introduction :
Water surface elevation control on large distribution canal system is one of the most important prerequisites not only for ensuring proper distribution of water but also the quality of management services. Fixed overfall crest for weir type structures control the water level at a given height within relatively narrow limits. The height and the lengths of crest are determined in relation to the discharge to be passed over the weir crest and to the control requirements e.g. maximum permissible fluctuation etc.
In normal situations the available bed width in distribution channels is usually insufficient to accommodate a transversal weir with a crest long enough to pass the full supply discharge within the level tolerances at any specific location in the distribution network. These conditions have led to development of the diagonal weir; the duckbill weir; and the Z type or other specially shaped weirs. The duckbill weir is one of the most commonly used structural arrangement, because in majority of conditions, it is the most economical one, providing optimum discharge capacity in relation to length of structure and amount of construction material. The great advantage of fixed weir crest is their simplicity in construction and maintenance and their reliability in operation. Tampering is almost impossible.
In canal systems in alluvial plains, such as the project area, concentration of silt is a concern for design of duckbill weir type water surface elevation control arrangements. However, siltation can be avoided by providing a flush opening in the weir at the floor of the structure. Provision of suitably designed sluice gate gives additional feature for evacuation of the U/S reach.