The quality of the relationship between the parent and the
child was measured by the Network of Relationship
Inventory scale (NRI) developed by Furman and Buhrmester (1985).
It consists of nine items for the relationship
with each parent (examples of items are: ‘‘Does your
mother/father respect you?’’, ‘‘Do you share personal
feelings with your mother/father?’’). The response values
form a five-point Likert scale with a higher score indicating
a more positive relationship. Cronbach’s alphas for the NRI
measures for mother and father were respectively 0.91 and
0.92. (Factor analyses revealed only one factor.) The
resultant scale ranges from 0 to 36.