In this paper, four different olive cultivars from Southern Italy, Carolea, Cassanese, Nocellara del Belice,
Nocellara Messinese table olives, produced according to traditional fermentation processes, were evaluated
with the aim of assessing the effect of selected starter cultures on growth of bacterial population and
on olive phenols during fermentation.
Only Cassanese and Nocellara del Belice inoculated samples
reached a safe pH value under 4.6 after 90 days while maintaining it until the end of storage. The most
representative phenols in brine samples analysed by HPLC–MS/MS were hydroxytyrosol and verbascoside.
Among the analysed phenols, only hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid and ferulic acid always increased
during fermentation, while the others increased up to 90–120 days and then decreased. The Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) performed on pH and phenol values highlighted three clusters of olive cultivars.
Throughout the brining period, lactic acid bacteria were always present while staphylococci and
coliform bacteria disappeared after 30 and 90 days, respectively.