which executes rigid human resources management, the
same performance appraisal/promotion systems are applied for all of the employees
worldwide. The A3 firm employs the exact same performance management system
worldwide, only making difference in language based on the location of the
subsidiary. All appraisals are summarized and then translated back into English.
The performance appraisal systems of the A4 firm consist of
management-by-objectives and competency appraisal systems. The
competency-based appraisal systems are sufficiently affected by the A4 firm’s
vision/principle. While the performance appraisal/promotion systems are partially
modified by each business unit, the performance appraisal/promotion systems are