Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a syndrome of maternal systemic inflammatory response that affects multiple organ systems (renal, hepatic, pulmonary, cerebral, placental), complicates 3–7% of preg-nancies worldwide, and has a high rate of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies [1,2]. Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, contributing to approximately 18% of all maternal deaths globally (70,000 deaths annually), mostly in low and middle income countries (LMIC) [3]. Diagnostic criteria have been established by the American College of Obstetri-cians and Gynecologists as blood pressure P140/90 mmHg on two occasions at least 4 h apart, or P160/110 mmHg at a shorter inter-val, after 20 weeks gestation in a previously normotensive woman;
and proteinuria P300 mg/24 h or equivalent from a timed collec-tion, or protein:creatinine ratio P0.3 mg/dL, or dipstick reading of +1. Alternatively, in the absence of proteinuria, diagnostic crite-ria include new-onset hypertension with new onset of any of the following: thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, or any cerebral or visual symptoms [4]. There have been many hypotheses created to explain the